Researchers at Empa have developed a new material with exciting possibilities: a 3D printable cellulose-based aerogel. This ultra-lightweight, thermally insulating, and biodegradable material has the potential for applications in electronics, medicine, and beyond.
Aerogels are like super-sponges – highly porous materials with exceptional heat insulation properties. Combining this with biodegradable cellulose, a common plant material, and the ability to 3D print complex shapes creates a truly unique material.
The key to this innovation was the development of a special ink. By combining cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers, the researchers created an ink that is both viscous enough to hold its shape and flows easily during printing. This ink is mostly water (around 88%) with just 12% cellulose, making the final product even more environmentally friendly.
The resulting 3D printed aerogel has a unique property: anisotropy. This means its properties, like strength and insulation, can be controlled depending on the printing direction. This allows for the creation of targeted insulation components, perfect for microelectronics where heat flow needs to be directed.
But the applications don’t stop there. Because the aerogel is made from cellulose, it’s also biocompatible. This opens doors for use in medicine. The porous structure can hold drugs and release them slowly over time, while 3D printing allows for customized shapes that could act as scaffolds for cell growth or implants.
Another advantage is that the aerogel can be rehydrated and dried multiple times without losing its shape. This makes it easier to handle and store. It can be kept dry for transport and soaked in water just before use.
Empa researchers are continuing to develop this technology. Some are focusing on using different biopolymers for the aerogel, while others are looking to improve its thermal insulation properties. This innovative material has the potential to revolutionize fields like electronics and medicine, and further research is ongoing.
