Baylor University researchers from the Cornerstone Atomization and Combustion Lab (CAC) have made significant strides in biofuel technology, introducing a new method that enables the efficient burning of glycerol/methanol blends with near-zero emissions. Their study, published in the journal *Fuel*, highlights the use of an advanced Swirl Burst (SB) injector, which allows for the ultra-clean combustion of high-viscosity fuels that are typically challenging to use.
The breakthrough comes as researchers look to address the limitations of conventional combustion systems, which often struggle with glycerol—an abundant byproduct of biodiesel production—due to its thick consistency. Traditional injectors typically require costly preheating or processing, making glycerol less appealing as a fuel source. In contrast, the SB injector can combust glycerol efficiently, producing fine droplets that significantly reduce harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Lead author Lulin Jiang, Ph.D., who oversees the CAC Lab and teaches mechanical engineering at Baylor, emphasized the potential impact of this technology on both academic research and industrial applications. “Our research shows how waste glycerol can be transformed into clean energy, setting a new standard in sustainable energy solutions,” Jiang stated.
The research team tested various blends of glycerol and methanol in different ratios—50/50, 60/40, and 70/30—alongside multiple air-to-liquid mass ratios (ALR). Remarkably, all tested blends exhibited over 90% combustion efficiency, with the 50/50 blend achieving complete combustion and near-zero emissions without the need for preheated or insulated combustion setups. This demonstrates a marked improvement over traditional combustion methods, which often produce higher emissions when dealing with viscous fuels.
Jiang noted that this innovative technology not only enhances the combustion of glycerol but also allows for the direct use of other viscous biofuels, potentially lowering costs and broadening the application of biodiesel. “The flexibility of the SB injector facilitates the use of various glycerol/methanol blends without requiring modifications, which is crucial for meeting stringent emissions regulations,” she added.
Moreover, the research aligns with broader environmental goals, promoting a circular economy where waste products like glycerol can be harnessed for clean energy production. Jiang highlighted the technology’s potential to foster energy resilience and equity, particularly for economically disadvantaged communities navigating climate challenges.
Baylor University’s efforts extend beyond the research lab. The team, part of the National Science Foundation’s I-Corps program, is focused on translating their findings into commercial applications that can benefit society. In collaboration with the City of Waco, they are also working on a project aimed at reducing methane emissions and air pollutants through climate-smart waste energy solutions at the Waco Landfill.
This innovative research marks a promising step toward a more sustainable and economically viable future for the biofuel industry.
